Seebestattung Die Stille Des Weiten Meeres
Ihr vertrauensvoller Partner fuer die Seebestattung heisst NOVIS Bestattungen. Eine Seebestattung nach altem Seemannsbrauch ist kosten seebestattung stralsund moeglich fuer alle Verstorbenen und eine preiswerte Alternative zu herkoemmlichen Bestattungsarten. Seebestattungen erfordern stets eine schriftliche Willenserklaerung durch den Verstorbenen selbst oder durch die Angehoerigen. Der ganz besondere Reiz von Seebestattungen laesst sich bis zur griechischen Antike verfolgen. Nach der Seebestattung erhalten die Angehoerigen einen Logbuchauszug und einen Seekartenausschnitt, auf der der genaue Beisetzungsort verzeichnet ist, so dass spaeter Gedenkfahrten zur Position der Urnenbeisetzungen moeglich sind.
Das Schiff, von dem aus die Seebestattung stattfinden wird, verlaesst nun wahlweise mit oder ohne die Trauergemeinde den Hafen und laeuft bis in die Dreimeilenzone. Ausser in manchen Bundeslaendern, die eine Erdbestattung zwingend vorsehen, sollte einer Seebestattung dann nichts im Wege stehen. Um Schifffahrt und Badende an den Straenden der See nicht zu gefaehrden, gelten strenge Regeln fuer die Seebestattung. Bei einer stillen Seebestattung werden in der Regel mehrere Urnen bei einer Bestattungsfahrt dem Meer uebergeben.
Af dem Ohlsdorfer Freidhof in Hamburg ist die anonyme Bestattung au einer Wiese, dort wird weder der Name an irgendeine Tafel geschrieben, man weiss die Stelle nicht, wo die Urne beigesetzt wurde und man bekommt nur bescheid DAS die Urne beigesetzt wurde. Anfangs galt diese Art der Bestattung als eine Notbestattung, doch mit der vermehrten Akzeptanz gegenueber der Feuerbestattung erhielt auch die http://www.seebestattung-albrecht.de/seebestattung Seebestattung eine neue Funktion. Eine Seebestattung muss in einigen deutschen Bundeslaendern behoerdlich genehmigt werden.
In einer solchen Situation, mitten im Feindesgebiet” (immerhin seebestattung eine auslaendische Stadt) haetten sie sicherlich Osama auf einen Tee nach Deutschland einladen koennen… Ja, ja, wir sollen weiterhin Leute anwerben, die Angst vor der Takelage haben, AK-Logos auf ihre Ausruestung aufsprayen, die halt alles gerne machen, bloss mit einem aber” am Ende: dann gelingt es uns auch, jede schwierige Lage ins Lot zu bringen.
Wir bieten die Seebestattung als „Stille Bestattung ohne Angehoerige, oder als Seebestattung mit bis zu 40 Trauergaesten an Bord unserer Charterschiffe an. Wir fahren von Kiel , Travemuende-Luebeck , Niendorf (Timmendorfer Strand) und von Rostock-Warnemuende aus zu den SeeBestattungsgebieten. Die Seebestattung wird nur durch ausgewaehlte Partner und Bestattern vor Ort durchgefuehrt und wir versichern einen respektvollen und wuerdigen Umgang mit dem/der Verstorbenen. Wir vom Bestattungsinstitut Ihlenfeld beraten Sie gerne in allen Fragen rund um die Seebestattung.
Dreamcatcher Tattoos For Girls
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This Sites simply include one page. At the beginning display (normally located on the leading), there is a fixed food selection that does not take you to another page however it will just scroll to a certain topic. Even without any food selection we might read the entire contents by relocating the scroll. HTML5 has actually played a part here. This type is commonly utilized as a profile, firm profile or individual homepage.
City is an interior code word of a typography-based style language created by Microsoft, initially for usage in Windows Phone. A crucial layout principle of Metro is a lot better concentrate on the material of applications, counting more on typography and much less on graphics ("material before chrome"). Windows 8 with the Metro UI look has actually influenced the appearance of the website a bit a lot more. I have found numerous web sites that transform the look http://code9tech.com/ of components becomes indeterminatemore minimalist. Some animations are used additionally started adapting the City UI. While not every person likes this however it still provides a much more fresh simple and also elegant new look.
The boss of Yahoo has claimed Microsoft is no more thinking about acquiring the company yet that it "makes good sense" for both to talk about collaborating. In his fullest comments since Microsoft lost its $47.5 bn proposal this month, Jerry Yang admitted a merger would have had a "incredible amount of power". He urged that it had been Microsoft which had actually broken off talks over rate. However Mr Yang said Yahoo was still "listening" to propositions being put forward by its rival.
At the time, the deal was heavily criticised and stood up to by non-profit privacy groups which asserted that it would certainly give Google unparalleled accessibility to info regarding consumers' on the internet behaviour.
Adjacent to the new Woolworths Shopping Town (due for conclusion June 08) is the Wongaling Coastline Mall as well as the Goal Beach Resort lies simply a very short stroll away. Exceptional eating establishments are nearby and 2 great golf links are a short drive inland, or for those who like to fish or snorkel the Great Barrier Reef and close-by islands beckon. Others wishing to absorb the magic of the jungle can enjoy any type of variety of bordering walks, or right triumphant you could walk the length of Wongaling Beach, South Goal Beach or North Mission Coastline.
Dreamcatcher Tattoos For Girls
In recent times, the web design company kent custom-made flash web design has actually proceeded to a measurement leading to the replacement of the off shelf http://www.junowebdesign.com/ web-designing methods. The web designing firms in India have discovered the perfect way to develop tutorials, market presentations, as well as multimedia web sites by applying the custom flash website design approach. Many graphic and also application designers find Flash to be user pleasant. The visuals developers can appreciate having command on every component of their layout and can make the animation livelier.
This Sites simply include one page. At the beginning display (normally located on the leading), there is a fixed food selection that does not take you to another page however it will just scroll to a certain topic. Even without any food selection we might read the entire contents by relocating the scroll. HTML5 has actually played a part here. This type is commonly utilized as a profile, firm profile or individual homepage.
City is an interior code word of a typography-based style language created by Microsoft, initially for usage in Windows Phone. A crucial layout principle of Metro is a lot better concentrate on the material of applications, counting more on typography and much less on graphics ("material before chrome"). Windows 8 with the Metro UI look has actually influenced the appearance of the website a bit a lot more. I have found numerous web sites that transform the look http://code9tech.com/ of components becomes indeterminatemore minimalist. Some animations are used additionally started adapting the City UI. While not every person likes this however it still provides a much more fresh simple and also elegant new look.
The boss of Yahoo has claimed Microsoft is no more thinking about acquiring the company yet that it "makes good sense" for both to talk about collaborating. In his fullest comments since Microsoft lost its $47.5 bn proposal this month, Jerry Yang admitted a merger would have had a "incredible amount of power". He urged that it had been Microsoft which had actually broken off talks over rate. However Mr Yang said Yahoo was still "listening" to propositions being put forward by its rival.
At the time, the deal was heavily criticised and stood up to by non-profit privacy groups which asserted that it would certainly give Google unparalleled accessibility to info regarding consumers' on the internet behaviour.
Adjacent to the new Woolworths Shopping Town (due for conclusion June 08) is the Wongaling Coastline Mall as well as the Goal Beach Resort lies simply a very short stroll away. Exceptional eating establishments are nearby and 2 great golf links are a short drive inland, or for those who like to fish or snorkel the Great Barrier Reef and close-by islands beckon. Others wishing to absorb the magic of the jungle can enjoy any type of variety of bordering walks, or right triumphant you could walk the length of Wongaling Beach, South Goal Beach or North Mission Coastline.
Meerkat announces $14 million in funding
On Thursday, Periscope, the livestream app acquired by Twitter, made its public debut. But livestreaming front-runner Meerkat didn't let the launch steal its spotlight for long.
During a Meerkat session on Thursday, founder Ben Rubin confirmed that his startup has raised "around $14 million" in funding.
The funding was led by venture capital firm Greylock Partners (Greylock's Josh Elman joined the Meerkat's board).
There was also an eclectic mix of contributing investors, including Jared Leto, David Tisch and Chad Hurley, cofounder of YouTube.
Other funds in on the deal were Aleph, Broadway Video Ventures, CAA Ventures, Comcast Ventures, Entree Capital, Raine Ventures, Sherpa, Slow Ventures, Sound Ventures, Universal Music Group, UTA, Vayner/RSE, and WME.
They don't seem to be concerned about the threat from Periscope. After all, the San Francisco-based Meerkat was the coolest cat at this year's SXSW, despite the fact that Twitter limited access to its social graph at the beginning of the festival. This made it difficult for new users to discover existing Meerkat users.
On blog site Medium, Meerkat made its objective known.
"We aspire to become the most comprehensive and most impactful participatory live streaming community," a post titled 'Spontaneous Togetherness' read.
Rubin, 27, welcomed the competition.
When Periscope was posted on product sharing site Product Hunt on Thursday, Rubin commented: "This thing is beautiful! Huge congrats to the team. Everything looks so slick and thoughtful; zoom in/out, orientation agnostic and specifically the hearts which are our team's favorite! Beautiful product."
What's that they say: keep your friends close and your enemies closer?
Related: Meerkat who? Introducing Periscope
Related: The great tech debate: Are we in a bubble or not?
CNNMoney (New York) March 26, 2015: 2:24 PM ET
http://money.cnn.com/2015/03/26/technology/meerkat-funding/index.html?section=money_smbusiness
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The on the internet world has become an extremely affordable field. A great deal of corporate houses with their internet sites are aggressively trying customer's focus. Offered the present extremely competitive and also troubled online scenario, merely having a website is not enough.Search engine optimization is very crucial for the success of your site over time. It mostly lays emphasis on boosting the online search engine outcomes of your site whenever a relevant query is entered in the search box. Search Engine Optimization will certainly approve your internet site to appear early on the search engine outcomes. Early, the appearance of your site, the more website traffic it will certainly get and also thus more will certainly be the probabilities of successful trade and also trade. PSD to Wordpress conversion assists you attain search engine friendly website.Wordpress is an honor gaining open source blogging tool as well as posting platform, which when wisely utilized, can be easily
made use of to personalize to develop a functional web site. Besides numerous customer friendly functions, with wordpress you likewise obtain an inbuilt SEO benefit. WordPress has many constructed in search optimization devices, like the ability to use.htaccess to produce obviously fixed Links called Permalinks, Blog site Rolling, as well as Pinging. Wordpress features and functions intelligently overviews 'online search engine through your web pages and aids it effortlessly creep the very same, thus improving the online search engine results.Wordpress offers its users an exhaustive set of motifs to pick from. Style stands for the general style and visual charm of the site. However there are a variety of internet sites flourishing in the online globe that are currently using those styles. If you want to stand apart and mark your unique existence online, you require a customized PSD ser list.org to Wordpress motif conversion. A professional wordpress designer supplies you with a tailored custom-made internet option. Though the customization http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marketing solutions cause jeopardize some of the in-built Search Engine Optimization pleasant features and may call for specific changes during the coding phases of the internet site, to foster SEO.Professional wordpress developers will certainly consist of the SEO pleasant characteristics from the developing phases itself. This consists of enriching the content with correct crucial words, respectfully defining the tags and also LINK's and also wisely including a considerable quantity of crucial words in the title tags, image hyperlinks, etc.Thus choose PSD to Wordpress style conversion and also enjoy the benefits of an extremely SEO pleasant web site.
Best Business To Start
Internetmarketing could not be difficult or challenging, depending on how much energy you place in. given just below are a number of powerful recommendations as you are able to use to enhance your strategies.
Should you to need to market place your items, then you definitely should utilize an on the web promotion company mainly because this is a particular location that always requires dexterous hands. Plus, there is a company like a pine that's many branches, all of which will require equal treatment and curiosity. There are a selection of logistical issues that want to be taken treatment of. Considering that marketing and advertising can also be one particular of those limbs plus the most crucial one, it'll have to accompanied.
it may be scaled-up using the remedy formation of extra PDF documents that may extra to a buyers get utilizing the delivery number, although it frequently needs no solution creation to start building online online marketing sites for affiliate motives. This provides a lot more motivation to acquire an option that's acquiring promoted to the customers and furthermore persons arrive at benefit from the more details.
Someone of the inexpensive internet marketing and marketing sites aspects is to use posts for promotion. Guide internet marketing can be an amazingly powerful software to push targeted prospects to your site. It could perhaps consider a while but there posting content on write up websites is absolutely totally free of value. Think about your time to examine about what kind of particulars linked to your alternatives or goods individuals are hoping for just before you generate posts.
Your content must not be unreal and appealing, and you should build it with your market in your mind, namely to supply as much benefit as possible. Since you will make more income, this method will automatically bring about a better profitability. Also, you'll also get yourself a large amount of visitors returning looking for fresh content, alongside the standard normal traffic you will receive. You'll have the capacity to set yourself aside from your competitors by providing new information that serves a purpose and is convincing.
In internet marketing ensures that you'll be working with lots of material and articles for your website and advertising plans. The information might be possibly published including articles, or sound and movie, depending on what's considered advantageous by your prospects. Nonetheless, it's essential since this is what gets you an increased ranking within the SERPs, your written content is great. The posts and offer these potential customers lots of importance and material you craft to your website should really be special.
Eight Tips To Start Building A Seo Tools You Always Wanted
Every SEO specialist wants that doing SEO barehanded can be a dead end option. SEO software makes that time consuming and thoughtful work more easy and a lot faster. There are a large number of SEO tools built to assist every reason for site marketing. You'll get a hand at each stage of SEO you start with keyword research and finishing together with the examination of the SEO campaign results.
Nowadays you can find a wide array of free.
Google AdWords Keyword Tool
Keywords put each SEO campaign's foundation stone. Therefore keywords finding and faceting will be the original action on the road to Google's top. Of course you make the list of keywords all on your own up and could possibly put on your thinking hat. But since your ideas and the conditions may significantly differ that is such as a shot in the dark people really enter in Google.
Below, Google AdWords Keyword Device comes in handy. Despite the fact this instrument is actually focused to help Google AdWords advertisers, you can use that for analysis also. Google AdWords Keyword Tool provides the list of suggestions on popular keywords, demonstrates the competition for your chosen keywords, enables you to see projected traffic volumes and helps you learn which keywords to a target. Google AdWords Keyword Resource has a people-friendly interface and moreover it's no cost. You can use Keyword Discovery that may be successful at the same time or some other settled alternative tools like Wordtracker, but Google AdWords Keyword Instrument could be the final leader among free keyword research resources.
XML Sitemaps Generators
To ensure all of your pages get found you need to set sitemaps for the website and crawled. They're like ready-to-spider webs for spiders that permit them to quickly find out which ones have already been recently updated and what pages have been in location. Sitemaps can be good for individual visitors since they make website navigation a lot easier and arrange the entire framework of websiteis content. The XML Sitemap Generator allows you to constitute XML, ROR sitemaps which can be published to Google, Yahoo! And plenty of other search engines. This SEO tool also lets you make HTML sitemaps that strengthen website navigation for humans and make your site visitors-friendly.
SEO Book's Rank Checker
To check whether your optimization campaign is not currently blowing cold or cold you'll need a good rank checking tool to measure the changes of the ratings of your website. SEO Book's Rank Checker could be of excellent help in that. It's a Firefox plugin that allows you to work examining ranks in Big Three: Google, Yahoo! And export the data that is collected and Bing. All you've got to accomplish is enter the keywords you would like to verify your opportunities as well as you siteis URL for. That's it as well as in some seconds SEO Book's Rank Checker provides the outcome on your ratings to you. It really is not slow, easy-in-use and free.
Backlinks View
Links are just like the star of beats in Google popularity game. The idea is that the quality links are in your backlink report the higher your site rates. That's why a good SEO software for evaluation and link analysis is crucial-have within your arsenal. Backlink Watch is an online backlink checker that helps you not just discover what sites have links for your page, but also offers you some knowledge for SEO analysis, such as the title of the connecting page, the anchor text of the web link, it says perhaps the link has dofollow or nofollow tag, etc. The only drawback of this device is that it provides you only 1000 backlinks per a website, regardless of real amount of backlinks a website has.
Participate
Participate[ dot ] com offers a large share of systematic information to fish from. It is an on line software of online competition that delivers two categories of companies for investigation and tracking: subscription based and free Site Statistics paid-Search Statistics that enables you to reap the benefits of some additional features. Participate an out-and-exterior SEO tool that enables you to observe proposal and traffic measurements for a given website and find the websites and link building applications. Contend is also a fantastic keyword analyzer, as it lets the investigation of your runs on-line competitors' keywords. Another capabilities to mention are subdomain research, export to CSV, tagging etc.
SEO PowerSuite.
SEO PowerSuite is allin-one SEO toolkit that lets you address all aspects of site marketing. It includes four SEO tools to nail all SEO jobs. WebSite Auditor is a good leg- up for producing awesome content for the site. It considers you Top-10 online competitors and works out a surefire plan based on the greatest optimization routines in your niche. Rank System is a superb at your internet site positions tracking and generating one of the most click- effective terms. SEO SpyGlass is powercharged SEO software for backlink checking and research. Here is the only SEO software that allows you to learn around 50,000 backlinks per a web site and make stories with ready -to-use site marketing strategy. And the most advanced within this row as well as the last is LinkAssistant. It's a feature rich giant SEO resource for administration and link creating that shoulders the main aspects of offpage optimization.
CRO Statistics: How to Avoid Reporting Bad Data
The author's posts are entirely his or her own (excluding the unlikely event of hypnosis) and may not always reflect the views of Moz.
Without a basic understanding of statistics, you can often present misleading results to your clients or superiors. This can lead to underwhelming results when you roll out new versions of a page which on paper look like they should perform much better. In this post I want to cover the main aspects of planning, monitoring and interpreting CRO results so that when you do roll out new versions of pages, the results are much closer to what you would expect. I’ve also got a free tool to give away at the end, which does most of this for you.
Planning
A large part running a successful conversion optimisation campaign starts before a single visitor reaches the site. Before starting a CRO test it’s important to have:
A hypothesis of what you expect to happen
An estimate of how long the test should take
Analytics set up correctly so that you can measure the effect of the change accurately
Assuming you have a hypothesis, let’s look at predicting how long a test should take.
How long will it take?
As a general rule, the less traffic that your site gets and/or http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/ the lower the existing conversion rate, the longer it will take to get statistically significant results. There’s a great tool by Evan Miller that I recommend using before starting any CRO project. Entering the baseline conversion rate and the minimum detectable effect (i.e. What is the minimum percentage change in conversion rate that you care about, 2%? 5%? 20%?) you can get an estimate of how much traffic you’ll need to send to each version. Working backwards from the traffic your site normally gets, you can estimate how long your test is likely to take. When you arrive on the site, you’ll see the following defaults:
Notice the setting that allows you to swap between ‘absolute’ and ‘relative’. Toggling between them will help you understand the difference, but as a general rule, people tend to speak about conversion rate increases in relative terms. For example:
Using a baseline conversion rate of 20%
With a 5% absolute improvement - the new conversion rate would be 25%
With a 5% relative improvement - the new conversion would be 21%
There’s a huge difference in the sample size needed to detect any change as well. In the absolute example above, 1,030 visits are needed to each branch. If you're running two test versions against the original, that looks like this:
Original - 1,030
Version A - 1,030
Version B - 1,030
Total 3,090 visits needed.
If you change that to relative, that drastically changes: 25,255 visits are needed for each version. A total of 75,765 visits.
If your site only gets 1,000 visits per month and you have a baseline conversion rate of 20%, it’s going to take you 6 years to detect a significant relative increase in conversion rate of 5% compared to only around 3 months for an absolute change of the same size.
This is why the question of whether or not small sites can do CRO often comes up. The answer is yes, they can, but you’ll want to aim higher than a 5% relative increase in conversions. For example, If you aim for a 35% relative increase (with 20% baseline conversion), you’ll only need 530 visits to each version. In summary, go big if you’re a small site. Don’t test small changes like button changes, test complete new landing pages, otherwise it’s going to take you a very long time to get significantly better results.
Analytics
A critical part of understanding your test results is having appropriate tracking in place. At Distilled we use Optimizely so that’s what I’ll cover today; fortunately Optimizely makes testing and tracking really easy. All you need is a Google analytics account that has a custom variable (custom dimension in universal analytics) slot free. For either Classic or Universal Analytics, begin by going to the Optimizely Editor, then clicking Options > Analytics Integration. Select enable and enter the custom variable slot that you want to use, that's it. For more details, see the help section on the Optimizely website here.
With Google analytics tracking enabled, now when you go to the appropriate custom variable slot in Google Analytics, you should see a custom variable named after the experiment name. In the example below the client was using custom variable slot 5:
This is a crucial step. While you can get by by just using Optimizely goals like setting a thankyou page as a conversion, it doesn’t give you the full picture. As well as measuring conversions, you’ll also want to measure behavioral metrics. Using analytics allows you to measure not only conversions, but other metrics like average order value, bounce rates, time on site, secondary conversions etc.
Measuring interaction
Another thing that’s easy to measure with Optimizely is interactions on the page, things like clicking buttons. Even if you don’t have event tracking set up in Google Analytics, you can still measure changes in how people interact with the site. It’s not as simple as it looks though. If you try and track an element in the new version of a page, you’ll get an error message saying that no items are being tracked. See the example from Optimizely below:
Ignore this message, as long as you’ve highlighted the correct button before selecting track clicks, the tracking should work just fine. See the help section on Optimizely for more details.
Interpreting results
Once you have a test up and running, you should start to see results in Google Analytics as well as Optimizely. At this point, there’s a few things to understand before you get too disappointed or excited.
Understanding statistical significance
If you’re using Google analytics for conversion rates, you’ll need something to tell you whether or not your results are statistically significant - I like this tool by Kiss Metrics which looks like this:
It’s easy to look at the above and celebrate your 18% increase in conversions - however you’d be wrong. It’s easier to explain what this means with an example. Let’s imagine you have a pair of dice that we know are exactly the same. If you were to roll each die 100 times, you would expect to see each of the numbers 1-6 the same number of times on both die (which works out at around 17 times per side). Let’s say on this occasion though we are trying to see how good each die is at rolling a 6. Look at the results below:
Die A - 17/100 = 0.17 conversion rate
Die B - 30/100 = 0.30 conversion rate
A simplistic way to think about Statistical significance is it’s the chance that getting more 6s on the second die was just a fluke and that it hasn’t been optimised in some way to roll 6s.
This makes sense when we think about it. Given that out of 100 rolls we expect to roll a 6 around 17 times, if the second time we rolled a 6 19/100 times, we could believe that we just got lucky. But if we rolled a 6 30/100 times (76% more), we would find it hard to believe that we just got lucky and the second die wasn’t actually a loaded die. If you were to put these numbers into a statistical significance tool (2 sided t-test), it would say that B performed better than A by 76% with 97% significance.
In statistics, statistical significance is the complement of the P value. The P value in this case is 3% and the complement therefore being 97% (100-3 = 97). This means there’s a 3% chance that we’d see results this extreme if the die are identical.
When we see statistical significance in tools like Optimizely, they have just taken the complement of the P-value (100-3 = 97%) and displayed it as the chance to beat baseline. In the example above, we would see a chance to beat baseline of 97%. Notice that I didn’t say there’s a 97% chance of B being 76% better - it’s just that on this occasion the difference was 76% better.
This means that if we were to throw each dice 100 times again, we’re 97% sure we would see noticeable differences again, which may or may not be by as much as 76%. So, with that in mind here is what we can accurately say about the dice experiment:
There’s a 97% chance that die B is different to die A
Here’s what we cannot say:
There’s a 97% chance that die B will perform 76% better than die A
This still leaves us with the question of what we can expect to happen if we roll version B out. To do this we need to use confidence intervals.
Confidence intervals
Confidence intervals help give us an estimate of how likely a change in a certain range is. To continue with the dice example, we saw an increase in conversions by 76%. Calculating confidence intervals allow us to say things like:
We’re 90% sure B will increase the number of 6s you roll by between 19% to 133%
We’re 99% sure B will increase the web seo tools number of 6s you roll by between -13% to 166%
Note: These are relative ranges. That being -13% less than 17% and 166% greater than 17%.
The three questions you might be asking at this point are:
Why is the range so large?
Why is there a chance it could go negative?
How likely is the difference to be on the negative side of the range?
The only way we can http://www.seochat.com/c/a/Search-Engine-Optimization-Help/WordPress-SEO-Tips-Benchmarking-Matt-Cutts-Blog/ reduce the range of the confidence intervals is by collecting more data. To decrease the chance of the difference being less than 0 (we don’t want to roll out a version that performs worse than the original) we need to roll the dice more times. Assuming the same conversion rate of A (0.17%) and B (0.3%) - look at the difference increasing the sample size makes on the range of the confidence intervals.
As you can see, with a sample size of 100 we have a 99% confidence range of -13% to 166%. If we kept rolling the dice until we had a sample size of 10,000 the 99% confidence range looks much better, it’s now between 67% better and 85% better.
The point of showing this is to show that even if you have a statistically significant result, it’s often wise to keep the test running until you have tighter confidence intervals. At the very least I don’t like to present results until the lower limit of the 90% interval is greater than or equal to 0.
Calculating average order value
Sometimes conversion rate on its own doesn’t matter. If you make a change that makes 10% fewer people buy, but those that do buy spend 10x more money, then the net effect is still positive.
To track this we need to be able to see the average order value of the control compared to the test value. If you’ve set up Google analytics integration like I showed previously, this is very easy to do.
If you go into Google analytics, select the custom variable tab, then select the e-commerce view, you’ll see something like:
Version A 1000 visits - 10 conversions - Average order value $50
Version B 1000 visits - 10 conversions - Average order value $100
It's great that people who saw version B appear to spend twice as much, but how do we know if we just got lucky? To do that we need to do some more work. Luckily, there’s a tool that makes this very easy and again this is made by Evan Miller: Two sample t-test tool.
To find out if the change in average order value is significant, we need a list of all the transaction amounts for version A and version B. The steps to do that are below:
1 - Create an advanced segment for version A and version B using the custom variable values.
2 - Individually apply the two segments you’ve just created, go to the transactions report under e-commerce and download all transaction data to a CSV.
3 - Dump data into the two-sample t-test tool
The tool doesn’t accept special characters like $ or £ so remember to remove those before pasting into the tool. As you can see in the image below, I have version A data in the sample 1 area and the transaction values for version B in the sample 2 area. The output can be seen in the image below:
Whether or not the difference is significant is shown below the graphs. In this case the verdict was that sample 1 was in fact significantly different. To find out the difference, look at the “d” value where is says “difference of means”. In the example above the transactions of those people that saw the test version were on average $19 more than those that saw the original.
A free tool for reading this far
If you run a lot of CRO tests you’ll find yourself using the above tools a lot. While they are all great tools, I like to have these in one place. One of my colleagues Tom Capper built a spreadsheet which does all of the above very quickly. There’s 2 sheets, conversion rate and average order value. The only data you need to enter in the conversion rate sheet is conversions and sessions, and in the AOV sheet just paste in the transaction values for both data sets. The conversion rate sheet calculates:
Conversion rate
Percentage change
Statistical significance (one sided and two sided)
90,95 and 99% confidence intervals (Relative and absolute)
There’s an extra field that I’ve found really helpful (working agency side) that’s called “Chance of <=0 uplift”.
If like the example above, you present results that have a potential negative lower range of a confidence interval:
We’re 90% sure B will increase the number of 6s you roll by between 19% and 133%
We’re 99% sure B will increase the number of 6s you roll by between -13% and 166%
The logical question a client is going to ask is: “What chance is there of the result being negative?”
That’s what this extra field calculates. It gives us the chance of rolling out the new version of a test and the difference being less than or equal to 0%. For the data above, the 99% confidence interval was -13% to +166%. The fact that the lower limit of the range is negative doesn't look great, but using this calculation, the chance of the difference being <=0% is only 1.41%. Given the potential upside, most clients would agree that this is a chance worth taking.
You can download the spreadsheet here: Statistical Significance.xls
Feel free to say thanks to Tom on Twitter.
This is an internal tool so if it breaks, please don’t send Tom (or me) requests to fix/upgrade or change.
If you want to speed this process up even more, I recommend transferring this spreadsheet into Google docs and using the Google Analytics API to do it automatically. Here’s a good post on how you can do that.
I hope you’ve found this useful and if you have any questions or suggestions please leave a comment.
If you want to learn more about the numbers behind this spreadsheet and statistics in general, some blog posts I’d recommend reading are:
Why your CRO tests fail
How not to run an A/B test
Scientific method: Statistical errors
http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/MozBlog/~3/LUlYh7qFpr4/cro-statistics-how-to-avoid-reporting-bad-data
